膀胱脫垂
（重定向自膀胱膨出）
| 膀胱脫垂、膀胱膨出 | |
|---|---|
| 异名 | Cystocele, prolapsed bladder, dropped bladder,[1] anterior vaginal wall collapse[2] |
 | |
| 读音 | |
| 症状 | 解尿一開始困難、解尿不乾淨、尿失禁、頻尿[1] |
| 併發症 | 尿瀦留[1] |
| 类型 | 1, 2, 3級[1] |
| 风险因素 | 分娩, 便秘, 慢性咳嗽、举重、超重[1] |
| 診斷方法 | 依症状和身體检查[1] |
| 鑑別診斷 | 前庭大腺囊肿、纳博特囊肿、尿道憩室[3] |
| 治療 | 生活方式調整、凱格爾運動（盆腔肌肉锻炼）、陰道子宮托、手術[1] |
| 患病率 | ~33% 的50岁以上婦女[4] |
| 分类和外部资源 | |
| 醫學專科 | 泌尿外科、婦科學[5] |
| ICD-10 | N81.1 |
| DiseasesDB | 3391 |
膀胱脫垂（prolapsed bladder）又称为膀胱膨出（cystocele）是女性膀胱膨出到阴道的疾病[1] [4]。有些人可能没有任何症状[6]。也可能發生排尿困难、尿失禁或頻尿症[1]。可能并发症包括复发性尿路感染和尿瀦留[1] [7]。膀胱脫垂和尿道脫垂经常同时发生，因此合称为膀胱尿道脫垂[8]。此病会对生活质量有负面影响[9] [10]。
原因包括分娩、便秘、慢性咳嗽、举重、曾接受子宮切除術、遗传和超重[1] [2] [6]。可能的致病機轉為膀胱和阴道间的肌肉和结缔组织变弱[1]。通常由症状和身體检查確定诊断[1]。
如果膀胱脫垂引無明顯症状，宜尽量避免举重或用力，避免惡化[1]。对于症状較严重者，可能可以使用子宮托、进行凱格爾運動（盆腔肌肉锻炼）或手术[1]。通常进行的手术类型是陰道縫合術[11]。随着年龄增长，这种情况会越来越常见[1]。大约三分之一的50岁以上婦女有不同程度的膀胱脫垂[4]。
參見
[编辑]参考文獻
[编辑]- ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 Cystocele (Prolapsed Bladder). National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. March 2014 [25 October 2017]. （原始内容存档于4 October 2017）."Cystocele (Prolapsed Bladder)". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. March 2014. Archived from the original on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Baggish, Michael S.; Karram, Mickey M. Atlas of pelvic anatomy and gynecologic surgery 4th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. 2016: 599–646. ISBN 9780323225526. OCLC 929893382.
- ^ Federle, Michael P.; Tublin, Mitchell E.; Raman, Siva P. ExpertDDx: Abdomen and Pelvis E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2016: 626. ISBN 9780323443128. （原始内容存档于2017-10-25） （英语）.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Firoozi, Farzeen. Female Pelvic Surgery. Springer. 2014: 73. ISBN 9781493915040. （原始内容存档于2017-10-25） （英语）.
- ^ Liedl, Bernhard; Inoue, Hiromi; Sekiguchi, Yuki; Gold, Darren; Wagenlehner, Florian; Haverfield, Max; Petros, Peter. Update of the Integral Theory and System for Management of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Females. European Urology Supplements. February 2017, 17 (3): 100–108. doi:10.1016/j.eursup.2017.01.001.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Williams, J. Whitridge. Hoffman, Barbara L. , 编. Williams gynecology 2nd. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. 2012: 647–653. ISBN 9780071716727. OCLC 779244257.Williams, J. Whitridge (2012). Hoffman, Barbara L. (ed.). Williams gynecology (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 647–653. ISBN 9780071716727. OCLC 779244257.
- ^ Hamid, Rizwan; Losco, Giovanni. Pelvic Organ Prolapse-Associated Cystitis. Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports. 2014-09-01, 9 (3): 175–180. ISSN 1931-7212. PMC 4137160
. PMID 25170365. doi:10.1007/s11884-014-0249-4 （英语）.
- ^ Cystoceles, Urethroceles, Enteroceles, and Rectoceles – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manuals Professional Edition. Merck Manuals Professional Edition. February 2017 [2017-12-18]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-23） （美国英语）.
- ^ Cystocele (Fallen Bladder). www.clevelandclinic.org. [2017-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-29）.
- ^ Deng, Donna Y.; Rutman, Matthew; Rodriguez, Larissa; Raz, Shlomo. Correction of cystocele. BJU International. 2005-09-01, 96 (4): 691–709. ISSN 1464-410X. PMID 16104940. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.2005.05760.x （英语）.
- ^ Halpern-Elenskaia, Ksenia; Umek, Wolfgang; Bodner-Adler, Barbara; Hanzal, Engelbert. Anterior colporrhaphy: a standard operation? Systematic review of the technical aspects of a common procedure in randomized controlled trials. International Urogynecology Journal. 2017-12-06, 29 (6): 781–788. ISSN 0937-3462. PMC 5948274 . PMID 29214325. doi:10.1007/s00192-017-3510-5 （英语）.
延伸閱讀
[编辑]- Using splinting to support and diminish pain while coughing, Craven and Hirnle's Fundamentals of Nursing: Human Health and Function, 6th edition
外部連結
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