車 (國際象棋)

國際象棋棋子
♔	王	King	♚
♕	后	Queen	♛
♖	车	Rook	♜
♗	象	Bishop	♝
♘	马	Knight	♞
♙	兵	Pawn	♟

♖

♜

車^[1]^[2]（英語：rook）是國際象棋的棋子。車的走法和中國象棋的車相同。在棋譜上，「R」代表車。由於車這個棋子的外觀像城堡，所以這個棋子曾經也被叫作「城堡」。^[3]^[4]

車可以橫走或直走，格數不限，不可斜走。吃子方式與走法相同。王和車有一種特殊的移動方式，稱為「王車易位」。

起始位置

	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h
8									8
7									7
6									6
5									5
4									4
3									3
2									2
1									1
	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h

車一開始的位置

在開局時，對弈雙方分別有二個車。白方的車會在 a1 和 h1 的位置，黑方的車會在 a8 和 h8 的位置。

移動方式及策略

	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h
8									8
7									7
6									6
5									5
4									4
3									3
2									2
1									1
	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h

白色的車可以移動到有標示白點的位置。黑色的車可以移動到有標示黑點的位置，或是可以吃e7位置上的兵。

車的活動力相當強，車的價值高於馬和象（因此若可以用馬或象兌到敵方的一個車，對我方很有利），二車的價值高於后。

開局時，常會將二個車和王維持在底線，將底線其他的棋子移出去，並設法進行王車易位。這種情形下，雙車可以相互呼應。而且很容易移動到任何一列的底線。

車經常會放在開放線（沒有兵佔據的一列）或是非開放線（只有敵方兵佔據的一列）的底線，車可以控制那列所有的位置，若該列非常重要，玩家會在車的前面再放一車，用二車控制該列。

若車移動到第七行（對方的第二行），可以攻擊對方未移動過的兵，也可以限制王的行動。若有二隻車在第七行，此局多半會贏，最差也會和棋。

在殘局時，由於車的監控範圍廣，因此車是威力最大的棋子。不過若該列有兵正前進準備升變，除非車可以移到該列兵後面的位置，否則有時車反而會受到牽制。車也可以移到本身準備升變的兵後面，會是非常好的後盾。

參见

Tarrasch規則（英语：Tarrasch rule）

參考資料

^ 国际棋联官方网站中译版规则（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ 運動規則、裁判教練作業要點 – 中華民國西洋棋協會. [2025-02-04] （中文（臺灣））.
^ Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed. (online version, accessed Jan. 27, 2009), entry for "Castle", def. 9. "Chess. One of the pieces, made to represent a castle; also called a ROOK.". New Oxford American Dictionary, 2nd ed. (2005) says that "castle" is informal and an "old-fashioned term for rook". The Oxford Companion to Chess, by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld, 2nd ed. (1992), p. 344 says "In English-speaking countries non-players sometimes call it a castle...". Let's Play Chess by Bruce Pandolfini (1986) p. 30, says "The rook is the piece mistakenly called the castle."; The Everything Chess Basics Book by Peter Kurzdorfer and the United States Chess Federation, Adams Media 2003, page 30, says "... often incorrectly referred to as a castle by the uninitiated".
^ The Official Rules of Chess by Eric Schiller, The US Chess Federation Official Rules of Chess (five editions by various authors), Official Chess Handbook, by Kenneth Harkness, Official Chess Rulebook by Harkness, and The Official Laws of Chess by FIDE (two editions) all use only the term "rook". Books for beginners such as Bobby Fischer Teaches Chess, A World Champion's Guide to Chess by Susan Polgar, The Complete Book of Chess by I. A. Horowitz & P. L. Rothenberg, and Chess Fundamentals by José Capablanca (2006 revision by Nick de Firmian) also only mention "rook".

[1] 国际棋联官方网站中译版规则（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[t-2] 運動規則、裁判教練作業要點 – 中華民國西洋棋協會. [2025-02-04] （中文（臺灣））.

[3] Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed. (online version, accessed Jan. 27, 2009), entry for "Castle", def. 9. "Chess. One of the pieces, made to represent a castle; also called a ROOK.". New Oxford American Dictionary, 2nd ed. (2005) says that "castle" is informal and an "old-fashioned term for rook". The Oxford Companion to Chess, by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld, 2nd ed. (1992), p. 344 says "In English-speaking countries non-players sometimes call it a castle...". Let's Play Chess by Bruce Pandolfini (1986) p. 30, says "The rook is the piece mistakenly called the castle."; The Everything Chess Basics Book by Peter Kurzdorfer and the United States Chess Federation, Adams Media 2003, page 30, says "... often incorrectly referred to as a castle by the uninitiated".

[4] The Official Rules of Chess by Eric Schiller, The US Chess Federation Official Rules of Chess (five editions by various authors), Official Chess Handbook, by Kenneth Harkness, Official Chess Rulebook by Harkness, and The Official Laws of Chess by FIDE (two editions) all use only the term "rook". Books for beginners such as Bobby Fischer Teaches Chess, A World Champion's Guide to Chess by Susan Polgar, The Complete Book of Chess by I. A. Horowitz & P. L. Rothenberg, and Chess Fundamentals by José Capablanca (2006 revision by Nick de Firmian) also only mention "rook".

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